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A |     New Delhi, Oct 10 (UNI) After a prolonged illness, Samajwadi Party founder and former Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav passed away on Monday at the age of 82. President Droupadi Murmu calls him "Dharti Putra" as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other leaders across party lines remember him.

President Murmu tweeted: "The death of Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav is an irreparable loss to the country.

"The achievements of Mulayam Singh Yadav ji, who came from an ordinary environment, were extraordinary.

"'Dharti Putra' Mulayam ji was a veteran leader associated with the land. He was respected by people of all parties. My deepest condolences to his family members and supporters!"

Considered close to the late SP chief, Modi tweeted: "Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji was a remarkable personality. He was widely admired as a humble and grounded leader who was sensitive to people’s problems. He served people diligently and devoted his life towards popularising the ideals of Loknayak JP and Dr. Lohia", along with some file photos of the two leaders.

"Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji distinguished himself in UP and national politics. He was a key soldier for democracy during the Emergency. As Defence Minister, he worked for a stronger India. His Parliamentary interventions were insightful and emphasised on furthering national interest.

"I had many interactions with Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji when we served as Chief Ministers of our respective states. The close association continued and I always looked forward to hearing his views. His demise pains me. Condolences to his family and lakhs of supporters. Om Shanti," Modi said.

Announcing three days state mourning on his predecssor's death, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath tweeted: "The demise of former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji is extremely sad.

"His death marked the end of a major pillar of socialism and a struggling era." Adityanath spoke to Mulayam Singh's son Akhilesh Yadav on the phone and also said: "His last rites will be performed with full state honours."

Union Home Minister Amit Shah expressed his condolences to Singh's family and supporters. "In this hour of grief. May God give place to the departed soul at his feet", he tweeted.

"Mulayam Singh Yadav ji remained active in politics for decades with his unique political skills. During the Emergency, he raised his voice for the restoration of democracy. He will always be remembered as a grassroots mass leader. His death marks the end of an era in Indian politics," Shah said.

DMK chief and Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin tweeted: Saddened by the demise of former CM of UP and senior leader of @samajwadiparty Thiru. Mulayam Singh.

"One of the tallest figures in Indian Politics who stood for reservation for the OBC, Thiru Mulayam Singh was deeply committed to secular ideals. His death is an irreparable loss."

CPM General Secretary Sitaram Yechury tweeted: "The champion of the interests of the marginalised and backward: Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji steadfastly fought against religious bigotry at a crucial time for India, upholding the unity and integrity of India. Deepest condolences."

BSP chief and Mulayam's long-time rival in the state, Mayawati, tweeted: "Very sad news of the passing away of veteran Samajwadi Party leader and former Chief Minister of UP Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji today. My deepest condolences to his family and all well wishers. May nature give them all the strength to bear this sorrow."

Congress leaders Jairam Ramesh, Shashi Tharoor also tweeted.

Ramesh: "Mulayam Singh Yadav was a stalwart Lohiaite but had admirers across political spectrum. His tenures as CM of UP were very consequential. He played a key national role on 2 occasions: Deve Gowda & Gujral govts as Defence Min,& in 2002 when he proposed APJ Abdul Kalam for President."

Tharoor: "Profound condolences to @yadavakhilesh on the passing of his eminent father Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. I had met the former DefenceMinister at the @UN & subsequently exchanged thoughts with him at the LokSabha. A political giant has passed. A great loss to all Indians. OM Shanti."

Tharoor also said:"As a mark of respect for the late Mulayam Singh Yadav ji I am cancelling my Lucknow programme today."

NCP MP Supriya Sule tweeted: "Deeply saddened to hear about the demise of Former Union Defence Minister and Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav Ji. Netaji was one of the tallest socialist leader our country has seen."

Shiv Sena MP Priyanka Chaturvedi tweeted: "My heartfelt condolences to Shri Akhilesh Yadav, the Yadav family family, all members of Samajwadi Party & its supporters on the passing of stalwart leader & Fmr CM of UP, Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. He leaves behind a huge legacy of work&service. He will be hugely missed."

Shiromani Akali Dal chief Sukhbir Singh Badal tweeted: "The nation has lost a doyen in the passing away of Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav ji. A socialist icon, he will be known for empowering the under-privileged. My heartfelt condolences to @yadavakhilesh & the entire Samajwadi family."

Top businessman Gautam Adani tweeted: "Saddened that Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav is no more. His contributions in laying the foundations for a stronger India and expansive UP will be long remembered. A rare titan, MSY will be missed. My deepest condolences to Shri Akhilesh Yadav and family."

Mulayam Singh died at the Medanta Hospital in Gurugram following multiple organ failure, according to reports.

He was one of the most prominent leaders of Uttar Pradesh and had served as the chief minister of the state thrice besides serving in the Union government as the defence minister. He was elected 10 times as MLA and 7 times as Lok Sabha MP.

UNI ING。      一直以来，石油工程师们靠着岩心样本和多年积累的工作经验，在茫茫地下寻找油气藏的踪迹。如今，坐在中控室里，年轻的工程师们只需轻点鼠标，即可清晰看到地下数千米深处的储层分布，实时预测水力压裂“地下油气高速通道”的裂缝形态。  “以往，这样一套方案需要五六名资深技术骨干耗时半个月、反复核对几十份地质资料、多款国外软件间来回计算上百组的数据才能敲定。随着FrSmart等一批国产自主可控工业软件的崛起，不仅将工程师从繁冗的跨平台劳作中解放出来，更让中国油气开发首次在软件底层拥有了自己的‘话语权’，真正打破了国外产品在油气勘探开发领域的长期垄断格局。”中国石油勘探开发研究院企业高级技术专家杨立峰说。  从过去依赖进口软件、跟着国外技术路线走，到如今把几代石油人的行业经验沉淀进代码，科技工作者们用数字技术高效解构地下数千米的储层“黑箱”，打造出地下油气“高速公路或路网”。

B | 国产工业软件为助力油气高效开采、保障能源安全，开辟出一条全新的智慧赛道。  自研工业软件势在必行  很长一段时间里，油气勘探开发领域的核心工业软件，几乎是国外厂商的“一言堂”。压裂设计、油藏模拟这类关键工具，不仅单套采购成本动辄数百万元，后续每年的升级服务费还要再掏数十万元，更重要的是，所有录入软件的地质数据、生产数据，都要经过进口软件的后端处理，核心数据安全始终像一把悬在行业头顶的利剑。  “遇到国内复杂的致密油、页岩气储层时，经常会出现软件运行‘水土不服’的情况。

C | ”中国石油勘探开发研究院压裂酸化技术研究所地质工程一体化室主任、一级工程师刘哲说，这些软件模型大多是基于海外简单地质工况开发的，放到国内复杂多变的油气储层里，模拟出来的结果与实际施工效果经常差一大截。想要让海外软件企业做定制化调整，不仅要价极高，沟通周期更是长达一两年，完全跟不上国内油气田快速开发的要求。  早在20世纪90年代，我国就以科研项目为依托开发软件程序。但由于缺乏长期有效的研发投入、持续稳定的人才队伍等核心技术积累和稳定的国产化软件应用生态，一直未形成工业化产品。据不完全统计，仅用于储层改造优化设计的相关软件进口费用就高达10亿元以上。

D |   “软件与硬件装备一样，是核心技术的载体，‘要不来、买不来、讨不来’。”杨立峰告诉经济日报记者，近年来，国内每年有几千口水平井和万余口直井进行储层改造，产业链产值千亿元以上。无论是从投入成本看还是从能源安全考虑，都离不开高精度、高效率且拥有自主知识产权的工业软件做支撑。自主研发适应我国发展实际的储层改造技术工业化软件势在必行。  为了啃下这块“硬骨头”，中石油研发团队聚焦全国重点油气田的问题需求，前后花了6年多时间，基于岩石力学、断裂力学、渗流力学等经典理论，深入融合大庆、长庆、新疆等国内主力油气田数十年的储层改造经验与认识，一行一行地编写成算法逻辑，最终研发了拥有完全自主知识产权的FrSmart大型地质工程一体化压裂优化设计软件。

E | 这款软件经过万余口井的现场检验，成功入选中国石油2024年十大科技进展，把曾经“卡脖子”的关键核心技术牢牢掌握在自己手里。  重构油气开采全链流程  向低渗透、深层油气藏，海洋油气藏，非常规油气藏等领域进军，是近年来我国油气资源勘探开发的新方向。不过，这些资源绝大多数品位低，需要通过储层改造提高油气产量。  “常规的做法，就是通过地面高压设备向地下几千米的地层注入大量‘液体’和‘砂子’，形成地下油气开采的高速通道。这就是压裂技术，它是打开油气资源宝库的‘金钥匙’，也是助力油气增储上产的工程技术利器。”刘哲坦言，过去遇到重点井的压裂方案设计，“老专家的经验”是最宝贵财富——压裂方案怎么定、压裂材料怎么选，很大程度上取决于技术骨干的实际经验，但面对地下数千米的复杂储层，再丰富的经验有时也难以覆盖所有可能性。

F |   国产工业软件的出现，直接把油气开采从“经验驱动”推到了“数据驱动”的新阶段。就拿储层改造这个核心环节来说，高质量的压裂方案、精准压裂的实施，离不开专业的“导航系统”——压裂软件，就像医生做手术需要CT影像一样，工程师需要软件来模拟裂缝走向、计算施工参数，避开风险层位，实时优化施工方案等。  “我们研发的FrSmart软件，就如同压裂工程的‘自动驾驶’系统，通过压前模拟方案优化和实时裂缝扩展分析，将非常规储层中的每一份油气资源高效采出，为能源安全保驾护航。

G | ”杨立峰说，在现有可借鉴资料不足的情况下，研发团队内联昆仑数智科技有限责任公司、东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司以及大庆油田、长庆油田、西南油气田、新疆油田、吉林油田，外联中海油、延长石油和国内多家知名高校等单位，组成“产、学、研、用”联合攻关体，攻克了非平面全三维裂纹模拟技术、考虑二维天然缝的复杂裂缝模拟等技术难题，构建了地质工程一体化算法体系，实现了国产压裂软件零的突破。  不止是压裂设计环节，国产工业软件已经延伸到了油气开采的全链条，带来的不只是效率的提升，更是行业能力的代际升级。借助工业软件，几代人积累的宝贵经验被转化成可复用的数字资产，即便是年轻技术人员，靠着软件辅助也能快速拿出高质量的设计方案。  为更多油井装上智慧引擎  近日，国务院国资委“基础软件与工业软件专题研修班”学员，到访中国石油勘探开发研究院开展现场教学活动。40余家中央企业的青年科技领军人才，实地观摩了以FrSmart等为代表的国产油气工业软件研发与应用最新成果，深度体验国产工业软件关键核心技术攻关与产业化生态建设成就。  不做纸上谈兵的“花瓶软件”，要打造经得起现场考验的工业级产品。杨立峰说，研发团队采用“边研发、边应用、边反馈、边迭代”的敏捷开发模式，每一个版本功能开发出来后，都送到油田现场接受检验，而现场的反馈意见又体现在下一个迭代版本中。  当前，国产工业软件发展已跨越“从0到1”的突破阶段，正式进入了“从1到N”的规模化迭代期。AI和工业软件的深度融合，正在成为行业明确的发展方向，未来的油气工业软件将不再只是一个辅助的计算工具，而是能够自主思考的“行业智能体”，但这一切都必须扎根工程实践。  “好的技术方案，往往来自对工程实践的深刻理解。一个优秀的工业软件工程师，首先必须是优秀的现场工程师。”在杨立峰看来，一个优秀的石油软件团队不仅能深耕技术细节，也能放眼行业未来，在不断攻克技术难关的同时，也不断拓展产业发展的边界。  专家认为，未来，云化和平台化将是国产工业软件的一个重要发展路径。未来的油气工业软件将不断迈向云端协同平台，行业整体数字化门槛将大幅降低。

H | 同时，数字孪生技术的深度落地，让油气勘探开发数值模拟更精准，助力实现对油气藏全生命周期的科学管控。  从“人拉肩扛找石油”的艰苦创业年代，到如今用数字技术为地下储层精准画像的智慧开采时代，以FrSmart为代表的国产工业软件，正在成为中国石油工业高质量发展的全新数字底座。国家发展改革委国家信息中心信息化和产业发展部研究员张晓兰表示，随着更多自主可控工业软件不断迭代升级，更多油井有望装上中国自己的智慧引擎，为保障国家能源安全注入数字力量。（记者 顾 阳）。

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